APPENDIX A: Scripps-EPIC

I) Instrument Description

The Scripps-Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (Scripps-EPIC) provides high resolution images of the Earth from the L-1 orbit. The camera consists of a Cassegrain telescope with a 12-inch aperture and a 0.62° field of view, mated to a 10-color filter-wheel assembly and shutter, followed by a 4 mega-pixel, UV-sensitive charge coupled device (CCD). Performance characteristics of EPIC are provided in Table A-1.

The 10 filters are contained in two filter wheels. The three shutter apertures provide nominal exposure times of 2 ms, 10 ms, and 40 ms or greater. Exposures of 40 ms or greater are obtained by varying the motor speed. Intermediate exposures (between 2 ms and 40 ms) are obtained by up to 8 multiple exposures of the 2- and 10-ms apertures. These multiple exposures can be made on a 100 ms cadence.

The focal plane is a 2048 x 2048 CCD, backside-thinned and backside-illuminated to optimize quantum efficiency down to 300 nm (modified LMFS-type CCD 442A). The CCD is passively cooled to -40°C on orbit to reduce dark current and other noise effects. Commands from the ground or as a result of on-board pre-planned sequences are sent to the EC to request images, initiate on-board image processing, or collect EPIC instrument status and housekeeping data. The EC includes sufficient on-board memory (320 MB) to store a large number of images in various stages of processing or compression. The flight software includes CCD flat-fielding, thresholding, region-of- interest selection, and the ISO-standard 12-bit JPEG compression algorithm as image processing options. Unprocessed raw CCD frames can also be provided for downlink. The number and type of images that can be sent to the ground are only limited for practical purposes by the Triana telemetry capacity and the amount of on-board image processing or compression.

Table A-1: EPIC Performance Characteristics

Telescope: Cassegrain, with adjustable secondary for on-orbit focus

Aperture 12.00 inches
Effective focal length 111.1 inches
Field of view 0.62 degrees
0.62 degrees 0.054 waves RMS at 633 nm on-axis
A 3-element field lens group provides off-axis corrections

Filters:

Wavelength (nm) Full Width (nm) Purpose
317 1 Ozone, SO2
325 1 Ozone
340 3 Aerosols
388 3 Aerosols, Clouds
393.5 1 Cloud Height
4435 10 Blue, Aerosols
551 10 Green, Aerosols
645 10 Red, Aerosols
870 15 Clouds, Aerosols
905 30 Water Vapor

Shutter:

Individual exposure times of 2 ms, 10 ms, and 40 ms to >1 minute
Multiple exposures for timings between 2 ms and 40 ms, at 2 ms resolution

Focal plane:

CCD format 2048 x 2048 pixels
Pixel size 15 microns x 15 microns, 100% fill factor
CCD type Thinned, backside illuminated
Spectral range 200 - 950 nm (QE > 25%)
Pixel full well depth >80,000 electrons
Digital intensity conversion 0 - 4095, 12 bits at 20 electrons per bit
Readout Single or dual (opposite corners)
Pixel readout rate 500 kHz
CCD operating temperature -40°C, by passive cooling
Dark current <5 electrons per second per pixel
Readout noise <20 electrons RMS

Minimum image cadence >15 seconds

Image output formats: Raw (bit map) and 12-bit JPEG/JGIF

Instrument power (normal operations):

Electronics 32 W
Operational heaters                     30 W
Total 62 W

Instrument mass:

CTA                                          6.8 kg
MEB 3.2 kg
EC 55.0 kg
Total 65.0 kg

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